Methods for processing crabs



Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 1 O INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MONCURE BY W ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 WENTQR;

JEWETT P. MONCURE BY Maw ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 .1. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed April 26, 1961 INVENTORI ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS l5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed April 26. 1961 v li mm .wm HzoEPn vm H zoEPn NE Lon. 1 fi INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MONCURE ATTORNEY 40 3 MW mm m i o. Fm

w T Q Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MONCURE ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 6 ILIIIIIIIIIIII ,1 III I INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MO NCU RE ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS 15 Sheets-Sheet '7 Original Filed April 26, 1961 j mfil 3 HJH H== an lllllllllllllllll I11...

INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MONCURE ATTORNEY ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 Original Filed April 26, 1961 BY W4 W Nov. 17, 1964 .1. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS l5 Sheets-Sheet 9 Original Filed April 26, 1961 INV EN TOR.

ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet l0 INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MONCURE BY M4 W ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 .1. P. MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 11 1NVENTOR= JEWETT P. MONCURE BY Wzw ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 p, MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 O SIGfl 342 I'll @306.

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JEWETT P. MONCURE ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 .1. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS l5 Sheets-Sheet 13 Original Filed April 26, 1961 246 290 4a 294 295 87 zas 270 272 INVENTOR:

JEWETT P. MONCURE BY MM ATTORNEY Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26; 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 14 JEWETT F! MONCURE ATTORNE Y Nov. 17, 1964 J. P. MONCURE 3,156,949

METHODS FOR PROCESSING CRABS Original Filed April 26, 1961 15 Sheets-Sheet 15 INVENTORZ .JEWETT P. MONCURE ATTOR N E Y United States Patent 3,156,949 METHGBS FOR PROCESSENG CRABS Jewett P. Monenre, 2&3 Nottingham Road, Richmond, Va.

riginal application Apr. 26, li ht, Ser. No. 117,259.

Divided and this application May 29, 1962, Ser. No.

21 Claims. (Ci. Iii-45) This invention relates generally to methods of the processing of crabs, that is, the preparing of crabs for the actual removal of their meat.

This application is a divisional application of my pending application, Serial No. 117,250 filed by me on April 26, 1961 for Method and Apparatus for Processing Crabs.

The invention relates more particularly to methods of and the sequence of operations of steps thereof to process crabs, which is defined as to dismember and clean crabs of their inedible parts and to so trim and section the crab thorax that the meat therein may be easily removed.

This invention will be disclosed and described as being applied to the processing of the comparatively smaller swimming crabs, such as the Blue Crab, but it will be apparent that the methods disclosed and claimed herein are applicable to the processing of many other species of cra s and to the processing of many substances both organic and inorganic.

The Blue Crab meat industry is almost unique among industries in the fact that it is still almost entirely dependent upon manual operations for the extraction of its product. The exception is that relatively small part of the industry that is engaged in the canning of crab meat, which meat is recovered in a finely-divided state through a process such as in set forth in an Apparatus for the recovery of crab meat from bony material by gravity liquid separation covered by US. Patent 2,545,517, issued to Sterling G. Harris et al., dated March 20, 1951.

There are two reasons why this industry, with the exception just noted, has not found their use to be profitable and has not accepted any of the various prior inventions relating to the extraction of crab meat but instead, continues the picking of crabs by manual workers employing no other aid than the crab-picking knife: l) the saving of labor or time over the manual method is insufiicient to justify the use of a particular invention and/ or (2) the use of the invention breaks up the back fin crab meat (which meat, comprising the muscles actuating the fins, is esteemed, because of its large segments, as of the finest quality and is marketed at the highest price) and thereby sacrifices more in the greatly diminished profit obtainable from this particular crab meat than could be gained by even the complete elimination of all picking charges.

In the practice of the present invention, a crab, after it has been steamed, is placed on one end of a conveyor in the form of a moving belt and is not touched by hands until after it is pushed aside from the apparatus with its thorax meat almost completely exposed and easily removable.

In accomplishing this method, the crab is caused to pass through eleven operating stations in the apparatus at which stations eleven corresponding steps of the method are accomplished as follows: (1) drawing away of the abdomen from the thorax and thus exposing the ventral thoracic groove; (II) stripping away or breaking off the claws at the knuckles, which are defined herein as the parts of the crab where the various specialized leg members (claws, legs and fins) join the thorax; (III) breaking off the legs and fins at the knuckles; (IV) cutting through and removing the carapace; (V) removing the abdomen; (VI) removing the masticating organs, internal organs and gills; (VII) cleaning the thorax by a water spray (VIII) trimming from the thorax the leg knuckles of the right side thereof by cutting through the inner ends of said knuckles in a vertical plane; (1X) cutting through the right side of the thorax in a plane inclined from the vertical at such an angle as to sever the dorsallylocated extensor muscles from the ventrally-located flexor and fin muscles of that side; (X) trimming from the thorax the leg knuckles of the left side thereof by cutting through the inner ends of said knuckles in a vertical plane; and (XI) cutting through the left side of the thorax in a plane inclined from the vertical at such an angle as to sever the dorsally-located extensor muscles from the ventrally-located flexor and fin muscles of that side.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a method to process a crab, that is, to dismember and remove the internal organs of the crab and to trim and section the crabs thorax to expose the meat in the chambers of the thorax, that the meat therein may be easily and completely removed.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus consisting of a plurality or series of conveyors for a crab and mechanisms juxtaposed the path of the conveyors and their carriers for progressively dismembering and cleaning the crab and trimming and sectioning the crab thorax.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crab processing machine in which the median ventral thoracic groove of the crab increases lateral stability of the crab as it passes through the various operating stations in the machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crab processing method and apparatus by which the meat in the thorax of the crab is exposed by sectioning the thorax in planes at angles to its longitudinal and vertical axes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crab processing machine by the use of which time and labor costs are reduced below the cost of operation of other systems.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crab processing method and machine that permits the recovery of the fin muscles in an unbroken condition and thus preserves that characteristic of the fin meat which enhances its quality and price.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crab processing machine by the operation of which chitin and other trash found in the picked meat is reduced to a minimum.

Another object of the invention is to provide a crab processing machine that can process uncooled crabs soon after steaming and thereby save the time otherwise required for their cooling.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention set forth herein and from the accompanying drawings made a part thereof in which:

FIGURE 1 is a view in perspective of one section of one embodiment of the invention and illustrating the equipment adapted for use at Stations 1, II and III, as defined hereinbefore;

FIGURE 2 is a view in perspective of'one section of one embodiment of the invention and illustrating the equipment adapted to move a crab through Stations IV, V, VI and VII, as defined hereinbefore;

FIGURE 3 is a view in perspective of one section of one embodiment of the invention and illustrating the equipment adapted to move a crab through Stations VIII, IX, X and Xi, as defined hereinbefore;

FIGURE 4 is a plan view of the belt conveyors of the combined belt and trolley conveyor system shown in FIGURE 1, and their associated mechanisms;

FIGURE 5 is a side elevation view of the combined belt and trolley conveyor system shown in FIGURE 1, and their associated mechanisms;

FIGURE 6 is an enlarged cross section view taken on line 6-6, FIGURE 4;

FIGURE 7 is a plan view taken on line 7-7, FIG- URE 6;

FIGURE 8 is a cross section view taken on line 88, FIGURE 7;

7 FIGURE 9 is an enlarged cross section view taken on line 9-9, FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 10 is a view in perspective of one section of the trolley conveyor shown in FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 11 is a view in perspective of a pair of arms and supports positioned to break away the claws of the crab at Station II;

FIGURE 12 is a view in. perspective of an arm and support positioned to break away the legs and fins of the crab at Station III;

FIGURE 13 is an enlarged cross section View, with parts shown in elevation, of the support for the arm as shown in FIGURE 12;

FIGURE 14 is a side elevation view of the section of the machine shown in FIGURE 2 and showing the relative positions of the associated mechanisms;

FIGURE 15 is a side elevation view of a disc saw and its mounting arm;

FIGURE 16 is a cross section view taken on line 16-46, FIGURE l5;

FIGURE 17 is a plan view of structure adapted to remove the organs and gills and clean the thorax of a crab;

FIGURE 18 is a cross section View taken on line 18-18, FIGURE 17;

FIGURE 19 is a cross section view taken on line 19-19, FIGURE 18;

FIGURE 20 is a cross section view taken on line 2020, FIGURE 18;

FIGURE 21 is a view in perspective of a crab carrier on its upper run on endless chain conveyor shown in FIGURE 14;

FIGURE 22 is a view in perspective of a crab carrier on its lower run on endless chain conveyor shown in FIGURE 14;

FIGURE 23 is an end view partly in cross section of a carrier as shown in FIGURE 22 and showing cam surfaces associated therewith;

FIGURE 24 is a cross section view taken on line 24-24, FIGURE 23;

FIGURE 25 is a plan view of cam surfaces associated with the endless chain conveyor shown in FIGURE 14;

FIGURE 26 is a plan view of the trolley conveyors leading to and extending from the endless chain conveyor shown in FIGURE14;

FIGURE 27 is a plan view of the conveyor system adapted to move a crab through Stations VIII, IX, X and XI, as defined hereinbefore;

FIGURE 28 is a plan View of a conveyor arm, shown in FIGURE 27;

FIGURE 29 is a side elevation view of a carrier of the conveyor system shown in FIGURE 27, with the pedestal front removed and the cylindrical carrier shell shown in cross section, when the vertical carrier shaft is in its highest position;

FIGURE 30 is a side elevation view of a carrier of the conveyor system shown in FIGURE 27, with the pedestal front removed and the cylindrical carrier shell shown in cross section, when the vertical carrier shaft is in its lowest position;

FIGURE 30a is a side elevation vi w of the pedestal;

FIGURE 31 is an enlarged horizontal cross section view taken on line 31-31, FIGURE 29;

FIGURE 32 is a partial vertical cross section view of the turret and the cam cylinder, with side elevation views of a conveyor arm and a carrier, shown with the carrier in its rotating condition;

FIGURE 33 is a plan view of a mechanism for rotating a carrier on its vertical axis;

FIGURE 34 is a partial vertical cross section view of the turret and the cam cylinder, with side elevation views of a conveyor arm and a carrier, shown as the carrier passes a band saw;

FIGURE 35 is an enlarged cross section view taken on line 35-35, FIGURE 34;

FIGURE 36 is a plan view of three conveyor arms, with one carrier locked in one position, one carrier being rotated about its vertical axis and one carrier locked in a second position;

FIGURE 37 is a view in perspective of a cam which, when the right vertical trimming cut is being effected, cooperates with a follower near the lower end of a carrier so as to control the radial position of this carrier relative to the median length of the individual thorax being carried;

FIGURE 38 is a view in perspective of a cam which, when the right inclined sectioning cut is being effected, cooperates with a follower near the lower end of a carrier so as to control the radial position of this carrier relative to the median length of the individual thorax being can. ried, the cam being additionally shaped to prevent interference between the inclined saw and the anterior gripper after the completion of the cut;

FIGURE .39 is a plan view of the cam shown in FIGURE 38;

FIGURE 40 is a view in perspective of a cam similar to that shown in FIGURE 37, but positioned to control the radial position of a carrier when the left vertical trimming cut is being efifected; FIGURE 41 is a view in perspective of a cam similar to that shown in FIGURE 38, but positioned to control the radial distance of a carrier when the left inclined sectioning cut is being effected and shaped to prevent interference between the inclined saw and the anterior gripper before the start of the cut;

FIGURE 42 is a plan view of the cam shown in FIG- URE 41;

FIGURE 43 is a perspective view of the lower section of a carrier, shown approaching the viewer, with its follower engaging a cam surface of greater radius during the right inclined cut and a view of the upper section of the carrier as, at the same time, its anterior gripper approaches the saw;

FIGURE 44 is a perspective view of the lower section of a carrier, shown approaching the viewer, with its follower engaging a cam surface of lesser radius after the right inclined out has been completed and a view of the upper section of the carrier as, at the same time, its

anterior gripper passes clear of the saw;

FIGURE 45 is a perspective view of the lower section of a carrier, shown approaching the viewer, with its follower engaging a cam surface of lesser radius before the left inclined cut has been started and a View of the upper section of the carrier as, as the same time, its anterior gripper passes clear of the saw; and

FIGURE 46 is a perspective view of the lower sectio of a carrier, shown approaching the viewer, with its follower engaging a cam surface of greater radius during,

the left inclined cut and a view of the upper section of the carrier as, at the sametime, its anterior gripper recedes from the saw.

There is shown in the combination of FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 the four conveyor systems by which the crab is moved along a definite path through the apparatus and along which path the crab passes by Stations I to XI,

e3 ported on a base 8, represents a conveyor in the form of an endless belt which is part of the combined endless belt and trolley conveyor system comprising the first conveyor system of the machine.

On belt 2 are positioned paired projections separated from each other and adapted to engage there between the anterior center of the carapace of the crab. The pairs of projections 14 are separated along belt 2 by a standard distance, that is, a predetermined distance along the said first conveyor system as well as three other conveyor systems of the machine all to be fully described hereinafter. As belt 2 and all other conveyor units of the machine are driven at the same linear velocity, there can be no congestion of crabs as they are transferred from one conveyor system to another. Projections in also serve as points of reference on belt 2 whereby the crabs are correctly positioned relative to overhead trolley carriers, shown generally as at 12 and shown in detail in FIGURES 9 and 10.

Outboard on each side from belt 2 are belts 14-, which are carried by drums 4i and lb, driven by a common source of power, such as an electric motor (not shown). The belts 2 and lid travel on their upper runs in approximately a horizontal direction, but preferably at a slight decline, for example, four or more degrees, that the crabs may tend to slide forward, under the effect of gravity and vibrations, toward and keep up against the next ahead pair of projections lit and thus be directly below and under the pressure of the cups of the trolley carrier 12, before projections it? have completed their upper run.

Between the delivery end of belt 2 and the delivery ends of belts lid, and supported on the base of the machine by a chute 18, is plate it; in which is cut a rectangular suction port corresponding in size and shape to the top of chute 18. The upper surface of plate 29 to the left of chute 15 is flat, while the upper surface of plate Ell to the right of the chute has a triangular ridge 2?, (PEG- URE 8) corresponding in general cross sectional dimensions with the groove'in the ventral surface of the thorax of the crab. The chute 18 is connected to a source of vacuum (not shown), such as a conventional vacuum pump. As the crab passes over the chute 13, its abdomen is pulled away from the thorax of the crab by the force of the vacuum, thus exposing the median groove in the ventral surface of the thorax. As the crab has been centered on belt 2 by placing the anterior central point of its carapace between projections in, the ridge 22 engages the said groove and the crab is stabilized against lateral movement as it is pulled along plate 2% by the trolley carrier 12.

As the abdomen of the crab is pivotly fastened at its posterior end to the posterior end of the thorax, the abdomen is pulled down under the force of the vacuum into chute 18 and some of the abdomen may be scrape off by the downstream transverse edge of the chute. The parts of the abdomen scraped off will fall down the chute and the parts not scraped off will drag along behind the thorax as the crab is moved forward over plate 26 by trolley carriers 12. Thus Step I is completed.

To the right of plate is endless belt 24 which is supported at its ends by idler and driving drums 2s and supported on its upper run by idler drums 23, which drums may be supported on the base b of the machine by conventional springs. The drums 2d are higher above the base of the machine than drums 2 6 so that the upper run of the belt is closer to the track 3 that supports carriers 2. The relatively closer positions of the crabs on belt 24 to the track will cause a relatively greater force to be exerted by carriers 12 on the backs of the crabs, as they pass through Stations H and ill. The upper surface of belt 24 has a ridge 23 similar to ridge 22 of plate 2% to engage the thoracic groove of the crab and thus provide lateral stability of the crab as it is moved forward under the forces of the belt and the carrier 12.

Referring particularly to FIGURES 9 and 10, the trolley carrier 12 consists of a bifurcated member 3%, carrying at 6 its upper ends the rollers 32 adapted to engage the lower flange of track The lower end of the member 39 is secured by welding or otherwise to a frame consisting of an upper plate and a lower plate 38 with members thercbetween. The carrier 12 includes a conventional vacuum cup 42, which may be made of some soft flexible material, tapered at its lower edge, as at 4 3, and thickened at its upper end, as at 46, where it is rigidly secured to pin .3 extending through and slidcably dependent from plate A spring fill is positioned between upper end of the cup 42 and plate to resiliently force cup d2 against a crab carried thereby as may be desired, such as when the crab is passing Stations II and Ill. Carriers 12, driven at the standard velocity by a source of power such as a motor, are spaced apart and moved along track 3- 3 by conventional links 52, the sum of the lengths of the inks being such that an integral number of links and the length of plate 36 between end links equals in length the standard distance in the several conveyor systems in the apparatus. Track 34- is supported at such. a height above the belts, plate and slideway that a sulficient pressure will be exerted on the crab to accomplish the purposes of the various stations.

Referring particularly to FIGURES l, 4 and 11, there are mounted at both sides of belt 2 5 the helically-shaped arms, shown generally at 5'4- and shown in detail in F1- URE 11. These arms 54 consist of a vertical rod 56 and a side extending piece 53 to which a helically-shaped blade 6% is attached. The rod is secured to the base of the machine in any conventional manner.

As the crab passes between arms 5 blades 60 progressively rotate downward the first section of the claw, which is nearest the thorax, until it is broken off at its knuckle, that is, its point of attachment to the thorax. Thus Step H is accomplished.

Referring particularly to FIGURES l, 4, 12 and 13, there are positioned at both sides of belt 24- the helicallyshaped arms, shown generally at 62, FIGURE 1, and shown in detail in FIGURES 12 and 13. These arms 62 consist of a rod 64 supportedon the frame of the machine by a pin 66 on which the arm pivots under the influence of spring 6% toward belt 24 until the arm engages a stop pin 7t likewise supported on the frame of the machine. Pin 7b is so positioned as to prevent generally the arms from passing beyond a vertical position toward belt 24. At the upper end of rod 64 is attached by screw threads or otherwise a cylinder 72 the upper end of which is covered by a cap 74 through wh ch slides a piston 76 at the upper end of which is secured a side extending head piece 78 which carries the blade till. Piston 76 is spring biased by spring 81 in an upward direction and has a rod 32- extending downward into a cylindrical space 83, the walls of which act as a guide for piston and as a stop after a predetermined downward movement of rod 82. The blade Stl is helical but has a straight cutaway portion as at 84.

When a crab begins its passage between the arms 62, each arm is in a generally vertical position and is being urged in the direction of the belt 24 and against its stop 7%) by spring 68. The piston '76, which carries head 78, is in its uppermost position under the force of spring 81. As the crab enters the space between the inward and upward curving parts of the blades till, the under lateral slopes of the carapace of the crab contact these blades at a position depending upon the size of the crab. As the crab moves on after this point of contact, arms 62 adjust themselves in position relative to the belt by the action of their sliding contacts with the under lateral slopes of the carapace and adjust themselves by these contacts to bring the upper surfaces of the blades into sliding contact with the points on the crab immediately above the points of attachment of the pair of posterior legs to the thorax of the crab. As the crab moves on, blades 8t! progressively rotate downwardly the first, second and third legs and the tin on each side. Because the points of attach- 7 ment of the first and second legs and the fin to the thorax are at lesser lateral distances from the median line of the crab, the blades 59 succeed in rotating the third leg only to a fully vertically downward position, at which position it is broken off at its point of attachment to the thorax. When the point of attachment of the third leg slides past the upstream end of cutaway portion 34 of blade 89, blade Si? under action of spring 68 moves inwardly and engages legs one and two and the fin. Further motion of the crab breaks legs one and two and the fin from the thorax at their points of attachment. Thus Step III is completed and the crab moves on to the end of the upper run of belt 24, indicated as at 85.

The crab continues to be moved by carriers 12 suspended from track 34, the crab being moved along in contact with slideway 86 on the upper surface of which is a ridge 855 similar in shape to ridge 22 on plate 20. Track 34 and slideway 86 curve to the left as shown in FIGURES 4 and 26 to move the crab to its point of transfer to an endless chain conveyor constituting the second conveyor system.

Referring to FIGURES 2 and 14 through 26, there is shown thereon one embodiment of the mechanisms constituting Stations TV through VII.

The conveyor system for this part of the machine consists of two sprocket wheels 9% supported on the frame of the machine and engaging an endless sprocket chain 92. To this chain are connected the carriers shown generally as at 94. The upper and lower runs of chain 92 are kept level and kept from sagging by providing shafts 95 passing through the base 98 of the carriers, on which shafts are mounted wheels or rollers 19!) adapted to engage angle bars 102 forming tracks for rollers 100. The sprocket wheels 99 are driven from a source of power, such as a motor, at such a speed that the circumferences of the wheels move at the standard speed, that is, they have the same linear speed as that of cups 42 of carriers 12.

The main frame of carrier 94 consists of two parallel vertical end plates 164, with rods 1% extending therebetween, base and top plate 1%. In the embodiment shown in FIGURE 24, the main frame is made in one piece, but it is apparent that the several parts of the frame may be made separately and joined together by welding or otherwise. The upper surface of plate 168 is generally flat, except for ridge 110 which extends along its center line and is adapted to engage the ventral groove of the crab thorax and fiat horizontally except for a downwardly sloping portion 112 extending forwardly of the leading end plate 104. See FIGURES 21 and 22.

Carriers 94 are fastened to chain 92 by brackets 114 (FIGURE 23) which are bolted to base plate 98 by bolts 116 and which are bolted to the side plate 118 of links 120 by bolts 122 which support rollers 124. The links of the chain are of such length between their pivot axes that an integral number of links are exactly equal to the standard distance between the crabs as they are being processed through the machine.

Referring particularly to FIGURES 23 and 24, the crab is held securely on top plate 168 by a plurality of fingers shown generally at 126. These fingers are mounted oppositely in pairs in blocks 128 which blocks pivot about rod 1%. The fingers of each such pair are urged toward each other by springs 136. The upper ends 132 of fingers 126 are generally fiat and are curved inwardly toward each other. The fingers are of such height that when moved toward a crab resting on top plate 168, the upper ends of the fingers pass under the carapace of the crab and grip the thorax. The fingers, together with ridge 11h engaging the ventral groove in the thorax of the crab, prevent lateral motion of the crab and the fingers being curved inward will, upon their engagement with the thorax, exert a force holding the crab firmly on the top plate of carrier 94.

The axial positions of blocks 128 and fingers 126 are controlled by rods 134 secured into blocks 128 on which fibers, metal or synthetic materials.

rods are mounted roller followers 136 that engage cams I138, which in this embodiment are shown in the shape of rods which are secured by conventional means to the frame of the machine by supports 149. See FIGURE 14.

On the rear plate 1li4 are afiixed two lugs 142 in which slides rod 144, which rod is keyed as at 146 to cooperate with grooves in lugs 142 (FIGURES 21 and 22). At the upper end of rod 144 is afiixed a cross bar 148 which in its upper position is just flush with the top edge of upper plate 1%. At a position on rod 144 between the lugs 142 is affixed a follower bar 150, at the outer ends of which are positioned follower rollers 152 which engage and are disengaged from the two pairs of cams 154 and 155 as the carriers 94 are moved by chain 92.

Referring particularly to FIGURES l4, l5 and 16, a disk saw 156 is mounted in the path of crabs being conveyed by carriers $55 by journalling the saw 156 at the ends of two fiat bars 158, held together by bolt 160. The saw 156 is driven by a flexible shaft 162 connected to a source of power, such as an electric motor. A guard for the upper part of saw 1.56 is provided as at by the enlarged upper halves of bars 158 at their ends. Bars I53 are pivotly secured by nut 166 to rods 163, extending from the frame of the machine, as at 169. A stop pin 172 is provided on the frame of the machine to prevent bars 158 and saw 156 from moving downwardly beyond a predetermined position.

Referring particularly to FIGURES 14 and 25, two pairs of bars, 174 and 1%, are mounted on the frame of the machine as at 178. Bars 17-4 are closer together than bars 175. Bars 174 are pivoted at their upstream ends by pivoting these ends in block 180 and securing this block to the frame of the machine by bolts 182. The downstream ends of bars 174 are in spring contact with the frame by securing their downstream ends to block 184, which block is arlixed to the top of cylinder 186. This cylinder 1% surrounds a floating, cylindrical frame-contacting member 18? which member is closed at its bottom end to contact the frame of the machine at 17 8. Inside cylinder 1% is a spring 189 in contact with the upper surface of member 188 and the lower inside surface of block 184. Both ends of bars are secured directly to the frame of the machine by pads 1% and nuts 1% engaging threads at the ends of bars 1%.

Referring particularly to FIGURES l4 and 17 through 20, a pipe 1%, with groups of holes 1% therethrough, is positioned on the frame of the machine near the end of the lower run of chain 92. This pipe is connected to a source of water under pressure and as the pipe is flanged at its end, as at 1%, streams of water are forced up through the holes. Between the groups of holes and above the pipe 1% are beams Zilti secured to stringers 2 32 by screws 2%. These stringers are aifixed to the frame of the machine.

In the beams see are secured bristles 204, which may be individual bristles or tufts of bristles and made of In the embodiment shown in the drawings the bristles 264 become progressively longer as they approach the end of the lower run of chain $2. The bristles 2% may also vary in length crosswise to the beams 2%, as shown in FIGURE 20. The bristles 2% are long enough to reach and brush the crabs as they are moved on carriers 94 by chain 92.

Referring particularly to FIGURES 5, l4 and 26, the crab, as it reaches the end of the upper run of belt 24 (FIGURE 5), is being moved by belt 24 and also by trolley carrier 12, which is moving at the same linear velocity as belt 24. When slideway $5 is reached, carrier 12 pushes the crab onto, and continues to move the crab along, slideway 86. As the upper surface of slideway $6 has a raised ridge S8 thereon, similar in shape to ridge 22 on plate 253, the crab is stabilized laterally on slideway 36.

As shown in FIGURE 4, slideway he turns to the left and it continues in a curve until it reaches the line of carriers 9 (FIGURE 26), which are being moved on angle bars 102 by endless chain 92. As track 34 and slideway as reach the line of carriers 9 track 34 and slideway 86 straighten to bring the movement of the individual crabs parallel to and directly above the top plate 1% of individual carriers 94. Track 34 and slideway 86 decline downward as at 2% (FIGURE 14-) and the crab, moved by carrier 12, slides off the end of slideway 36 and is deposited on the top plate 1138 of an individual carrier 94. From the shape of cam 13% (FIG- URE 14) it is shown that the fingers 126 are held in their open position (FIGURE 23) and as the individual carrier 94 moves on under the force of chain 92, earn 138 slopes upward to permit the fingers 12s to seize the thorax of the crab. The resilience of the springs 13!) joining pairs of fingers 126 is such that when the crab thorax is seized by the lingers and the track begins to slant upward, as at 26% (FlGURE 14), the crab is disengaged from cup 42 of carrier 12 and is held firmly by lingers 126 of carrier 94. The crab is stabilized transversely by the ventral groove in the thorax 01: the crab engaging the ridge 110 on the top plate 103 of carrier 94.

As the crab proceeds on the upper run of chain 92, its carapace meets saw 155. The bars 15% supporting this saw are heavy enough to keep the saw cutting through the carapace and the end parts of the lower sides of plates 153 keep the saw from cutting too deeply into the crab.

As a crab approac es and engages the two sets of bars 1'74 and 176, the outer ends of the carapace, which has been out along its median line by saw 15%, will be forced upward and will be broken away from the rest of the body of the crab. The resilience of spring 189 is such that when a small crab is in sliding contact with bars 174, upward forces will be exerted suflicient to break the severed halves of the carapace from the body of the crab, but when a larger crab is passing this Station IV and greater bending moments are needed to break the halves of the carapace away from the crab body, the carapace passes over and depresses bars 174 against the force of spring 139 and then contacts bars 176, which bars are separated a greater distance from each other than bars 174 and exert greater bending moments as their leverage length is greater and they are aliixed solidly to the frame of the machine.

When the rear part of a carrier 94 reaches a point indicated by 219 (FIGURE 14), rollers 15?. on bar 15% engage cams 15d and as the carrier moves with chain 92 on its lower run, bar 148 remains even with the top plate 1% of the carrier. carrier passes the end of cams 154 as indicated at bar 14% drops down by its own weight, and the weight of parts attached thereto, to wipe from, the crab any part of the abdomen that was not removed from the crab as it passed over chute 18 at Station I. When the rear part of the carrier reaches point 214, rolers i152 engage cams 155 and bar 148 is moved back to its original position relative to the top plate Hill of carrier 94.

With the carapace removed from the crab, its internal organs, including the gills, masticating and other organs are exposed. These organs are removed by the crab passing over and in contact with the series of bristles or bundles of bristles 294, as shown in PlGURES 17 through 20. At the same time that the bristles are in contact with the crab, water supplied through pipe H4 and forced through groups of holes 1% washes the crab free from the parts of the organs that have been loosened and torn away from the body of the crab.

As the crab leaves Station VII, all that remains of its body is a clean thorax with claw, leg and fin knuckles attached.

It will be noted that steps IV, V, VI and VII are per- When the rear part of the i formed at stations on the under side of a conveyor system and the crab is in an inverted position, enabling gravity to greatly facilitate the removal of the interior organs from the crab and to cause such organs as are removed to fall clear of the machine.

As the rear side of a carrier 94- reac es point 216 (FIG- URE 14), rollers 136 again contact cam 138 and fingers 126 start to spread apart and move away from the thorax of the crab. At the same time, a third conveyor system driven by a source of power such as a motor, moves a series of trolley carriers 218, suspended from track 220, directly over the thoraxes, which are still on carriers 94, the carriers 218 moving at a linear velocity equal to that of carriers 94 and at such a height above the top plates 1% that carriers 218 contact the thoraxes with such pressure that carriers 21% control the movement of the thoraxes. As the forward edge of carrier 94, with a thorax upon its top plate ills, and trolley carrier Zltl, in firm contact with the same thorax, simultaneously reach point 222 (FIGURE 14), the thorax is slid onto slidweay 22 5. This slideway is provided with a longitudinally central ridge 226, giving lateral stability to the thorax as the thorax is moved along slideway 224. As seen in FIGURE 26, trolley carriers 218 of the third conveyor system are guided off to the right as they follow the curvature of track 226 and of slideway 224 so as not to interfere with trolley carriers 12 of the first conveyor system moving crabs along slideway $6 for transfer to carriers )4 of the second conveyor system.

The remaining steps in the processing of crabs in accordance with my invention (Steps VIII through XI) are accomplished by mechanisms shown generally in FIG- URE 3. These mechanisms include a fourth conveyor system consisting of a turret 228 adapted to move a plurality of equally-spaced conveyor arms 234! (fifteen, in the present embodiment) in circular paths, in which armsare positioned a plurality of carriers 232. The upper portion 234 of carrier 232 includes an anterior gripper 236 and a posterior gripper 238 that hold between them the crab thorax being moved by the carrier. Mounted upon the carrier and upon conveyor arm 23!) are cam followers that cooperate with cams and other surfaces mounted on the frame of the machine to rotate the carrier about its vertical axis and to also radially extend or retract the carrier so as to present a thorax on the carrier to a plurality of band saws at such angles and at such distances as to cut the thorax proportionally in accordance with itssize along predetermined planes. The approach of the thorax along slideway 224 of the third conveyor system to and onto carriers 232 of the fourth conveyor system is indicated in FIGURE 3 and the path of the thorax thereafter as it is moved by a carrier past the band saws is indicated by dash line 242.

In defining the relative positions of the several parts making up or moving on or with turret 223 and the positional relations of these parts to other parts mounted on the frame of the machine, it will be convenient to indicate such relative positions as lying on a radius, with the turret axis as a center, which radius is designated by a number (indicating degrees) increasing clockwise from 0, which designation is assigned to an arbitrarily selected reference radius. The radius thus designated radius 0 is that radius delineating the end of slideway 224, at which radius the crab thoraxes have been transferred from slideway 224 to carriers 232 to begin their clockwise circuit about the axis of turret 228.

Referring to FIGURE 3, band saws 366, 368, 370 and 372 are mounted in respective frames 3'74 on respective idler and drive wheels 376 on respective standards 378 secured to the frame of the machine and driven by respective motors 35th Saws 366 and 370 are mounted to cause the right and left vertical trimming cuts respectively and saws 368 and 372 are mounted to cause the right and left inclined sectioning cuts respectively to be made on thoraxes carried by carriers 232. Band saw 366 

4. IN A METHOD OF PROCESSING A CRAB THROUGH A SERIES OF STEPS: MOVING THE CRAB ALONG A PATH; AND APPLYING A VACUUM TO THE ABDOMEN OF THE CRAB DURING SAID MOVEMENT, WHEREBY SAID ABDOMEN IS DRAWN AWAY FROM THE THORAX OF SAID CRAB AND THE VENTRAL GROOVE IN SAID THORAX IS EXPOSED. 